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USS Columbia (CL-56): A Pacific War Veteran
The USS Columbia (CL-56) was a Cleveland-class light cruiser that served extensively in the Pacific Theater during World War II. Commissioned in 1942, she participated in numerous major campaigns, earning her the nickname “Gem of the Ocean”. From island hopping offensives to the crucial Battle of Leyte Gulf, Columbia played a vital role in securing Allied victory.
Early Service and Guadalcanal
Commissioned on July 29, 1942, the USS Columbia quickly joined the war effort. Her early deployments saw her escorting convoys and participating in operations around Guadalcanal, one of the most fiercely contested battles of the Pacific War. She provided crucial fire support for Marines ashore, helping to dislodge Japanese forces from key positions. Her participation in the USS Columbia’s service history is well documented.
Island Hopping and Fire Support
As the war progressed, the Columbia became a fixture in the island-hopping campaign, providing gunfire support for amphibious landings on numerous islands. She bombarded Japanese positions on New Georgia, Bougainville, and the Philippines, softening up enemy defenses before the Marines and Army troops stormed the beaches. Her accurate and sustained fire proved invaluable in reducing casualties and securing Allied objectives.
The Battle of Leyte Gulf
One of the most significant engagements for the USS Columbia was the Battle of Leyte Gulf in October 1944. As part of Task Force 77.2, she participated in the Surigao Strait engagement, helping to decisively defeat the Japanese Southern Force attempting to enter Leyte Gulf. She engaged Japanese battleships and destroyers, contributing to the overwhelming Allied victory that secured the liberation of the Philippines.
Later Service and Decommissioning
Following the Battle of Leyte Gulf, the Columbia continued to provide fire support for operations in the Philippines and Okinawa. Despite suffering damage from kamikaze attacks, she remained in service until after the war’s end. She was decommissioned in 1946 and eventually scrapped in 1961, but her wartime record of service and valor remains a testament to the dedication of her crew.
Frequently Asked Questions
What type of ship was the USS Columbia?
The USS Columbia (CL-56) was a Cleveland-class light cruiser.
How many battle stars did the USS Columbia earn?
The USS Columbia earned 10 battle stars for her service in World War II.
When was the USS Columbia commissioned?
The USS Columbia was commissioned on July 29, 1942.
What was the fate of the USS Columbia after the war?
The USS Columbia was decommissioned in 1946 and scrapped in 1961.
Where did the USS Columbia see the most action?
The USS Columbia saw the most action in the Pacific Theater during World War II, participating in numerous major campaigns.
Summary
The USS Columbia (CL-56) stands as a symbol of American naval power and resilience during World War II. From the early days of Guadalcanal to the climactic Battle of Leyte Gulf, she played a crucial role in the Allied victory. Her participation in countless operations and her enduring service earned her a place in naval history, a testament to the bravery and dedication of her crew.
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